Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Volume:19 Issue: 4, 2015

Patellofemoral Syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common knee joint problems among the athletes. The present study was aimed to compare the effect of aquatic and land-based exercise methods on the pain level and motor function of the weight lifters with patellofemoral syndrome. A total of twenty weight lifters with patellofemoral syndrome participated in this quasi-experimental study. They were randomly divided to two groups of aquatic exercise and land-based exercise. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Kujala Scale were used before and after the exercise period to measure the pain and motor function، respectively. To compare the pre-test and post-test scores of the participating groups، dependent t-test was used and to compare the differences between groups، ANOVA was applied. The results of post-test showed a significant difference in both groups in terms of pain level and motor function compared to pre-test after eight weeks of strength exercise. However، the comparison of data indicated no significant difference between groups with regard to pain level and motor function. According to the findings of this study، exercise in water and on land can reduce the pain and improve the performance of the patients with patellofemoral syndrome.

mindfulness has an important role in depression. The present study investigatedthe impact of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on emotional schema and depression symptoms in women with major depressive disorder. In this experimental pretest-posttest study، twenty four patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received MBSR therapy over two months. Beck Depression Questionnaire and Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS) were used to collect the data in the pre-test، post-test and two-month follow-up. Data were analyzed by mixed analysis of variance. MBSR significantly reduced the symptoms of depression (P<0. 01) and maladaptive emotional schemas (p<0. 01)، and increased adaptive emotional schemas (P<0. 01) in experimental group in the post-test and follow-up. The results of this study revealed the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction in reducing the severity of depression and maladaptive emotional schema in depressed patients.

Relapse is commonly defined as a return to substance use after a period of abstinence. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the timeline followback interview for substance abuse among the Narcotics Anonymous clients In this cross-sectional methodological study، 385 clients presenting to Narcotics Anonymous centers of Qom city were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected by demographic variables questionnaire and Timeline Followback Interview (TLFB). To validate the questionnaire، its reliability was first calculated by SPSS software and exploratory factor analysis was performed afterwards. Then، confirmatory factor analysis was done by Lisrel software. All subjects were male and 61. 56% of them were married. The results indicated that the internal consistency of 0. 93 for the questionnaire. Further، the findings of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the acceptable construct validity of this questionnaire among the study sample. The timeline followback interview enjoyed acceptable psychometric properties among the Iranian clients who joined Narcotics Anonymous groups. Therefore، researchers and clinicians can use the above mentioned questionnaire as a valid tool for assessing vulnerability to substance abuse relapse.

Legionella pneumophila mortality and morbidity is a health concern worldwide. Due to the role of water in transmission of Legionenlla، several techniques have been used for water disinfection. This research was aimed to analyze the efficacy of ozonation process and the effects of bacterial density، contact time and pH on the removal of Legionella pneumophila from water. Legionella pneumophila was isolated from hospital water line and spiked into sterile drinking water with 300، 700 and 1000 CFU/ml densities. Ozonation was conducted within 1 L batch glass reactor with injection of 5 mg/h and contact time of 5 to 30 minutes at pH = 5، 7 and 9. Legionella culture was performed in supplemented BCYE containing GVPC and thermal treatment. After ozonation، the developed colonies were identified via biochemical and morphological tests. In pH =5، the contact time 25 min and pH= 7 as well as the contact time 30 min، increase of legionella density from 300 to 1000 CFU/ml led to the reduction of removal efficiency from 100 to 87% and 100 to 82%، respectively. In pH=9 and contact time 20 min with the same bacterial density، 300 to 1000 CFU/ml، the disinfection efficacy was decreased from 100 to 91. 5 %. Ozonation is an appropriate technique for elimination of legionella from water. The increased bacterial density led to the reduction of removal efficiency. The lowest and highest performance rates were obtained in pH=7 and 9، respectively.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important causes of opportunistic infections. The infection caused by P. aeruginosa is usually severe and life-threatening and its treatment is difficult due to limited susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and acquiring resistance during treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and extended spectrum of beta lactamase (ESBL) genes of CTX-M in the P. aeruginosa isolated from Kermanshah hospitals in 2013-2014. A total of 60 isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from burn wound، urine، lung and other samples from major hospitals of Kermanshah. The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was determined using disk diffusion method according to CLSI standards. The CTX-M genes were detected by PCR and the collected data were statistically analyzed. In this study، the highest and lowest rates of antibiotic resistance were reported for carbenicillin and gentamicin، respectively. The PCR results showed 13 (21. 6%)، 3 (5%)، 2 (3. 3%) and 3 (5%) isolates contained CTX-M، CTX-M1، CTX-M2 and CTX-M3 genes، respectively. The results of this study indicated a high antibiotic resistant rate among P. aeruginosa isolates. Moreover، the frequency of CTX-M genes among isolates، in particular the burn wound isolates، is high in Kermanshah and can result in the expansion of resistance in this bacterium.

The correct fetal weight estimation is one of the factors influencing the safety of delivery. This study was aimed to examine the impact of maternal body mass index (BMI) on the accuracy of clinical fetal weight estimation. 456 singleton pregnant women، with gestational age of 37 - 41 weeks were recruited according to the inclusion criteria of the study and were divided into four groups of body mass index. Then، the actual fetal weight and estimated clinical fetal weight were recorded. Finally، the collected data were entered into SPSS software (version 16). Pearson correlation coefficient and chi-square test were applied to analyze the relationship between the study variables. With an increase in maternal body mass index (BMI)، age، weight and parity، the accuracy of clinical estimation of fetal weight was reduced. The estimation error in all four groups of BMI was mainly reported for higher estimation of weight، which was increased with an increase in BMI. In the BMI >30، the estimation accuracy of fetal weight was 70%، which indicated the worthiness of this method in estimating the fetal weight in all four groups. Clinical estimation of fetal weight is a reliable method to be used for the mothers with varied BMI، although its accuracy is diminished with increased maternal BMI.

Many researches have been done on the addiction process، but few studies have examined the process of resiliency against addiction. This study was aimed to identify the facilitating and inhibiting factors in the young people’s resiliency process by analyzing their living experiences. This qualitative study was based on grounded theory with Strauss and Corbin’s approach. The data underwent open، axial and selective coding. The study focused on Darvaze Ghar neighborhood of Tehran. Data were collected through open unstructured interviews and focus group discussion. In total، 21 interviews were conducted with 12 respondents and a focus group discussion was held with 7 participants. Lincoln and Guba (1985) scales were used to ensure the trustworthiness of the study. The obtained codes were classified into 19 categories، including personal characteristics، family support، culture، spirituality، spiritual beliefs، environment، and social interventions. According to their nature، these categories were facilitating or inhibiting the process of resiliency against substance abuse. The youth with more religious beliefs، awareness، self-confidence، optimism and hatred towards drugs are more resilient against substance abuse. Moreover، the families with a higher sense of responsibility trust and monitor their children’s activities، talk to them about different issues and provide them with good trainings from the very childhood; therefore their children will be more resilient against addiction.

Depression is a common mental disorder that seems to be more common in patients with hypertension compared to the general population. The purpose of this study was to compare the depression rate between the patients with hypertension and control group.

In this case-control study، 125 patients with hypertension and 153 non‐hypertension participants were recruited by convenience sampling method. Data were collected through demographic form and Beck Depression Inventory 2 (BDI‐II) and analyzed by independent t-test.

The mean score of depression in patients with hypertension (20. 4 ±12. 2) was significantly higher compared with that of the control group (14. 8±11. 1) (P=0. 001). This score in women with hypertension (23. 4±13) was significantly higher compared with women in the control group (15. 7±11. 06) (P=0. 001). However، the mean score of depression in men with hypertension was not significantly different than the men in control group. Also، the mean score of depression in women with hypertension (23. 4±13) was significantly higher than the men with hypertension (17. 4±10. 6) (P=0. 006). The mean score of depression in the patients with hypertension aged 20-34 years (23. 9±13. 7) was significantly higher than that of the samples in control group (16. 4±11. 47) (P=0. 002). This score، however، in patients with hypertension aged 35-50 years (20. 6±13) was significantly higher than that of the participants in control group (13. 1±11. 9) (P=0. 004).

Depression in patients with hypertension، especially women and people <50 years old was more than healthy people. According to the obtained results، screening، medication and psychotherapy of the depressed patients with hypertension is necessary.